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Aguirre-Barra — Fifth Circuit summarily affirmed an illegal-reentry judgment against a constitutional challenge to the recidivism enhancement

Unreported / Non-Citable

Case
United States v. Orlando Everado Aguirre-Barra
Court
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
Judge
Stewart; Richman; Higginson
Date Decided
September 4, 2026
Docket No.
26-50127
Topics
Illegal Reentry; Sentencing Enhancement; Constitutional Challenge; Summary Affirmance
Source
Read the full opinion

Background

Orlando Everado Aguirre-Barra appealed from his conviction and sentence for illegal reentry into the United States in the Western District of Texas.

For the first time on appeal, Aguirre-Barra argued that the recidivism enhancement in 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b) is unconstitutional. The government moved for summary affirmance. Aguirre-Barra took no position on that motion and acknowledged that Almendarez-Torres v. United States foreclosed his argument.

The Court’s Holding

The Fifth Circuit held that circuit precedent foreclosed Aguirre-Barra’s constitutional challenge to § 1326(b), citing United States v. Pervis. Because the governing law resolved the issue against him, the court concluded that summary affirmance was appropriate.

The court granted the government’s motion for summary affirmance, denied its alternative motion for an extension of time, and affirmed the district court’s judgment.

Key Takeaways

  • Almendarez-Torres remains controlling over constitutional challenges to the recidivism enhancement in 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b).
  • Fifth Circuit precedent foreclosed Aguirre-Barra’s challenge to his illegal-reentry sentence.
  • The court disposed of the appeal through summary affirmance because existing precedent squarely resolved the issue.

Why It Matters

The decision confirms that defendants in the Fifth Circuit cannot obtain relief on the argument that § 1326(b)’s recidivism enhancement is unconstitutional while Almendarez-Torres and the circuit’s implementing precedent remain binding.

It also illustrates the court’s willingness to use summary affirmance when an appellant raises a legal issue that controlling precedent clearly forecloses.

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